Shop at OPT – Astro-Physics / Telescopes, Cameras …

OPT is thrilled to be able to offer our customers Astro-Physics mounts and accessories. Astro-Physics is legendary in the astronomical community, and has been developing and building telescopes and accessories since 1975.

Astro-Physics mounts, such as the Mach1, 1600, and 3600GTO models, are designed for solid stability under a variety of observing conditions. At the same time, these mounts are truly portable so that they can be transported and set up quickly and accurately. AP mounts break down into manageable sizes, but when set up, they are extremely rugged and steady platforms. A very accurate worm gear set was designed to insure smooth, effortless tracking of celestial objects for all visual and photographic purposes.

AP accessories, including piers, saddle and dovetail plates, counterweights, and a wide range of adapters are designed for functionality and tested in the field under actual observing conditions. The OPT telescope staff is expert in matching the proper accessories to a telescope system for optimal performance. You can choose from any of the categories below to find quality Astro-Physics equipment, and if you need help or advice, just give us a call, start a chat, or send an email.

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Shop at OPT - Astro-Physics / Telescopes, Cameras ...

Submillimeter Wave Astrophysics at Caltech

Submillimeter wave astronomy is a relatively new branch of astronomy that studies celestial objects using the submillimeter band of the electromagnetic spectrum, which ranges from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm (300 GHz to 3000 GHz). This band, which lies between the far infrared and high-frequency radio bands, contains valuable astonomical information in both continuum and molecular spectral lines, but has been unavailable to astronomers until recently because most of the radiation is blocked by the Earth's atmosphere. In order to overcome this barrier, submillimeter observatories are usually placed at high altitude.

The Caltech Submillimeter Wave Astrophysics group pursues research in all areas of submillimeter astronomy, including molecular spectroscopy, astrochemistry, star formation, and the structure and evolution of galaxies. With a strong tradition in instrumentation, the group operates the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory with support from the NSF. The group also developed instruments for the Herschel Space Observatory.

Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics California Institute of Technology, 301-17 1200 East California Boulevard Pasadena, CA 91125 Phone: (626) 395-6608 Fax: (626) 796-8806

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Submillimeter Wave Astrophysics at Caltech

Astrophysics – Postgraduate taught degree programmes …

We ask that you apply online for a postgraduate taught degree. Our system allows you to fill out the standard application form online and submit this to the University within 42 days of starting your application.

You need to read the guide to applying onlinebefore starting your application. It will ensure you are ready to proceed, as well as answer many common questions about the process.

Do I have to apply online for a postgraduate taught degree?

Yes. To apply for a postgraduate taught degree you must apply online. We are unable to accept your application by any other means than online.

Do I need to complete and submit the application in a single session?

No. You have 42 days to submit your application once you begin the process. You may save and return to your application as many times as you wish to update information, complete sections or upload additional documents such as your final transcript or your language test.

What documents do I need to provide to make an application?

As well as completing your online application fully, it is essential that you submit the following documents:

If you do not have all of these documents at the time of submitting your application then it is still possible to make an application and provide any further documents at a later date, as long as you include a full current transcript (and an English translation if required) with your application. See the Your References, Transcripts and English Qualification sections of our Frequently Asked Questions for more information.

Do my supporting documents need to be submitted online?

Yes, where possible, please upload the supporting documents with your application.

How do I provide my references?

You must either upload the required references to your online application or ask your referees to send the references to the University as we do not contact referees directly. There is two main ways that you can provide references: you can either upload references on headed paper when you are making an application using the Online Application (or through Applicant Self-Service after you have submitted your application) or you can ask your referee to email the reference directly to pgadmissions@glasgow.ac.uk. See the 'Your References, Transcripts and English Qualifications' section of the Frequently Asked Questions for more information.

What if I am unable to submit all of my supporting documents online?

If you cannot upload an electronic copy of a document and need to send it in by post, please attach a cover sheet to it that includes your name, the programme you are applying for, and your application reference number.

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Recruitment & International Office 71 Southpark Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ Fax: +44 141 330 4045

Can I email my supporting documents?

No. We cannot accept email submissions of your supporting documents.

What entry requirements should I have met before applying? Where can I find them?

You should check that you have met (or are likely to have met prior to the start of the programme) the individual entry requirements for the degree programme you are applying for. This information can be found on the entry requirements tab on each individual programme page, such as the one you are viewing now.

What English Language requirements should I have met before applying? Where can I find them?

If you are an international student, you should also check that you have met the English Language requirements specific to the programme you are applying for. These can also be found on the entry requirements tab for each specific programme.

Further Information

Please see the Frequently Asked Questions for more information on applying to a postgraduate taught programme.

These notes are intended to help you complete the online application form accurately, they are also available within the help section of the online application form.If you experience any difficulties accessing the online application then you should visit the Application Troubleshooting/FAQs page.

Classes start September 2016 and you may be expected to attend induction sessions the week before.

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Astrophysics - Postgraduate taught degree programmes ...

Astrophysics authors/titles "new"

Authors: M. Montalto (1), N. Iro (3), N. C. Santos (1,2), S. Desidera (4), J. H. C. Martins (1,7), P. Figueira (1,2), R. Alonso (5,6). ((1) Instituto de Astrofsica e Cincias do Espao, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal, (2) Departamento de Fsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Cincias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, PT4169-007 Porto, Portugal, (3) Theoretical Meteorology group Klimacampus, University of Hamburg Grindelberg 5, 20144, (4) INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dellOsservatorio 5, Padova, IT-35122, (5) Instituto de Astrofsica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, (6) Dpto. de Astrofsica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, (7) European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile)

We report on novel observations of HAT-P-1 aimed at constraining the optical transmission spectrum of the atmosphere of its transiting Hot-Jupiter exoplanet. Ground-based differential spectrophotometry was performed over two transit windows using the DOLORES spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG). Our measurements imply an average planet to star radius ratio equal to $rm R_p/R_{star}$=(0.1159$pm$0.0005). This result is consistent with the value obtained from recent near infrared measurements of this object but differs from previously reported optical measurements being lower by around 4.4 exoplanet scale heights. Analyzing the data over 5 different spectral bins 600AA$,$ wide we observed a single peaked spectrum (3.7 $rmsigma$ level) with a blue cut-off corresponding to the blue edge of the broad absorption wing of sodium and an increased absorption in the region in between 6180-7400AA. We also infer that the width of the broad absorption wings due to alkali metals is likely narrower than the one implied by solar abundance clear atmospheric models. We interpret the result as evidence that HAT-P-1b has a partially clear atmosphere at optical wavelengths with a more modest contribution from an optical absorber than previously reported.

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Astrophysics authors/titles "new"

Astrophysics – arXiv

For a specific paper, enter the identifier into the top right search box.

Phenomena pertaining to galaxies or the Milky Way. Star clusters, galactic nebulae, the interstellar medium, clouds, dust. Galactic structure, formation, dynamics. Galactic nuclei, bulges, disks, halo. Active Galactic Nuclei, supermassive black holes, quasars. Gravitational lens systems. The Milky Way and its contents

Phenomenology of early universe, cosmic microwave background, cosmological parameters, primordial element abundances, extragalactic distance scale, large-scale structure of the universe. Groups, superclusters, voids, intergalactic medium. Particle astrophysics: dark energy, dark matter, baryogenesis, leptogenesis, inflationary models, reheating, monopoles, WIMPs, cosmic strings, primordial black holes, cosmological gravitational radiation

Interplanetary medium, planetary physics, planetary astrobiology, extrasolar planets, comets, asteroids, meteorites. Structure and formation of the solar system

Cosmic ray production, acceleration, propagation, detection. Gamma ray astronomy and bursts, X-rays, charged particles, supernovae and other explosive phenomena, stellar remnants and accretion systems, jets, microquasars, neutron stars, pulsars, black holes

Detector and telescope design, experiment proposals. Laboratory Astrophysics. Methods for data analysis, statistical methods. Software, database design

White dwarfs, brown dwarfs, cataclysmic variables. Star formation and protostellar systems, stellar astrobiology, binary and multiple systems of stars, stellar evolution and structure, populations, coronas. Stellar and planetary nebulae, helioseismology, solar neutrinos, production and detection of gravitational radiation from stellar systems

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Astrophysics - arXiv

Brian May – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Brian May CBE Background information Birth name Brian Harold May Born (1947-07-19) 19 July 1947 (age68) Hampton, Middlesex, England Genres Rock Occupation(s) Musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, astrophysicist, author Instruments Guitars, keyboards, vocals Years active 1965present Labels Hollywood, Parlophone Associated acts Smile, Queen, Phenomena, G3, Black Sabbath, Queen + Paul Rodgers, Anita Dobson, Kerry Ellis, Queen + Adam Lambert, Lady Gaga Website brianmay.com Notable instruments

Brian Harold May, CBE (born 19 July 1947) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and astrophysicist who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the rock band Queen. He uses a home-built electric guitar, called the Red Special. His compositions for the band include "We Will Rock You", "Tie Your Mother Down", "I Want It All", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "Flash", "Save Me", "Who Wants to Live Forever" and "The Show Must Go On".

May was a founding member of Queen with lead singer Freddie Mercury and drummer Roger Taylor, having previously performed with Taylor in the band Smile, which he had joined while he was at university. Within five years of their formation in 1970, Queen had become established as one of the biggest rock bands in Britain with the album A Night at the Opera and its single "Bohemian Rhapsody". From the mid-1970s until the early 1990s, Queen were an almost constant presence in the UK charts and played some of the biggest venues in the world, most notably giving an acclaimed performance at Live Aid in 1985. As a member of Queen, May became regarded as a virtuoso musician and he was identified with a distinctive sound created through his layered guitar work. Following the death of Mercury in 1991, Queen were put on hiatus for several years but were eventually reconvened by May and Taylor for further performances featuring other vocalists. In 2005, a Planet Rock poll saw May voted the 7th greatest guitarist of all time.[1] He was ranked at No. 26 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".[2] In 2012, May was ranked the 2nd greatest guitarist of all time by a Guitar World magazine readers poll.[3]

He was appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2005 for "services to the music industry and for charity work".[4] May attained a PhD in astrophysics from Imperial College London in 2007 and was Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University from 2008 to 2013.[5] He was a "science team collaborator" with NASA's New Horizons Pluto mission.

May has homes in London and Windlesham, Surrey.[6] He is an active animal rights advocate and was appointed a vice-president of animal welfare charity the RSPCA in September 2012.[7]

Brian Harold May, the only child of Harold and Ruth May, was born in Hampton, London, and attended the local Hampton Grammar School, then a voluntary aided school (now independent and known as Hampton School).[8][9] He is of English and Scottish descent, with his mother being Scots.[10] During this time, he formed his first band, named 1984 after George Orwell's novel of the same name, with vocalist and bassist Tim Staffell.[11] At Hampton Grammar School, he attained ten GCE Ordinary Levels and three A-Levels (Physics, Mathematics and Applied Mathematics).[11] He studied Mathematics and Physics at Imperial College London, graduating with a BSc. in Physics with honours.[12][13]

May formed the band Smile in 1968. The group included Tim Staffell as the lead singer and bassist, and later, drummer Roger Taylor, who also went on to play for Queen. The band lasted for only two years, from 1968 to 1970, as Staffell departed in 1970, leaving the band with a catalogue of nine songs. Smile would reunite for several songs on 22 December, 1992. Taylor's band The Cross were headliners, and he brought May and Staffell on to play "Earth" and "If I Were a Carpenter".[14] May also performed several other songs that night.

Queen was formed in London in 1970, originally consisting of Freddie Mercury (lead vocals, piano), May (guitar, vocals), John Deacon (bass guitar), and Roger Taylor (drums, vocals). May also served as Queen's backing vocalist.

In Queen's three-part vocal harmonies, May was generally the lower-range backing vocals. On some of his songs, he sings the lead vocals, most notably the first verse of "Who Wants to Live Forever", the final verse of "Mother Love", the middle eight on "I Want It All" and "Flash's Theme", and full lead vocals on "Some Day One Day", "She Makes Me (Stormtrooper in Stilettoes)", "'39", "Good Company", "Long Away", "All Dead, All Dead", "Sleeping on the Sidewalk", "Leaving Home Ain't Easy" and "Sail Away Sweet Sister".

Throughout Queen's career, May frequently wrote songs for the band and has composed many worldwide hits such as "We Will Rock You", "Tie Your Mother Down", "I Want It All", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "Who Wants To Live Forever" and "The Show Must Go On" as well as writing significant hit songs "Hammer to Fall", "Flash", "Now I'm Here", "Brighton Rock", "The Prophet's Song", "Las Palabras de Amor", "No-One But You" and "Save Me". Typically, either Mercury or May wrote the most songs on every Queen album.

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Brian May - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Astrophysics, Inc. – Superior X Ray Security Scanners for …

Mail & Small Parcel

Compact and mobile systems for mailroom and small parcel inspection to detect contraband, narcotics and other threat materials.

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Astrophysics, Inc., headquartered in Southern California, is the new leader in conventional X-ray security technology. As a global engineering and manufacturing company, Astrophysics provides security screening solutions for aviation, air cargo, military, law enforcement and other mission-critical applications, for the detection of weapons, explosives and contraband. Our recent developments with the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, have propelled X-ray security scanner technology to new heights. Because we are a company solely concentrated on X-ray imaging, we are able to provide the highest quality technology at an incredible value, unlike any other company in this industry

All Astrophysics systems are made in the U.S. for the best in detection, performance and reliability. From quote to delivery, install to follow-up, we want to ensure you are impressed by the quality of our customer service, after sales support, service capability and product value.

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Astrophysics, Inc. - Superior X Ray Security Scanners for ...

Dark Energy, Dark Matter – NASA Science

Dark Energy, Dark Matter

In the early 1990s, one thing was fairly certain about the expansion of the Universe. It might have enough energy density to stop its expansion and recollapse, it might have so little energy density that it would never stop expanding, but gravity was certain to slow the expansion as time went on. Granted, the slowing had not been observed, but, theoretically, the Universe had to slow. The Universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together. Then came 1998 and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of very distant supernovae that showed that, a long time ago, the Universe was actually expanding more slowly than it is today. So the expansion of the Universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating. No one expected this, no one knew how to explain it. But something was causing it.

Eventually theorists came up with three sorts of explanations. Maybe it was a result of a long-discarded version of Einstein's theory of gravity, one that contained what was called a "cosmological constant." Maybe there was some strange kind of energy-fluid that filled space. Maybe there is something wrong with Einstein's theory of gravity and a new theory could include some kind of field that creates this cosmic acceleration. Theorists still don't know what the correct explanation is, but they have given the solution a name. It is called dark energy.

More is unknown than is known. We know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the Universe's expansion. Other than that, it is a complete mystery. But it is an important mystery. It turns out that roughly 68% of the Universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest - everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter - adds up to less than 5% of the Universe. Come to think of it, maybe it shouldn't be called "normal" matter at all, since it is such a small fraction of the Universe.

One explanation for dark energy is that it is a property of space. Albert Einstein was the first person to realize that empty space is not nothing. Space has amazing properties, many of which are just beginning to be understood. The first property that Einstein discovered is that it is possible for more space to come into existence. Then one version of Einstein's gravity theory, the version that contains a cosmological constant, makes a second prediction: "empty space" can possess its own energy. Because this energy is a property of space itself, it would not be diluted as space expands. As more space comes into existence, more of this energy-of-space would appear. As a result, this form of energy would cause the Universe to expand faster and faster. Unfortunately, no one understands why the cosmological constant should even be there, much less why it would have exactly the right value to cause the observed acceleration of the Universe.

Another explanation for how space acquires energy comes from the quantum theory of matter. In this theory, "empty space" is actually full of temporary ("virtual") particles that continually form and then disappear. But when physicists tried to calculate how much energy this would give empty space, the answer came out wrong - wrong by a lot. The number came out 10120 times too big. That's a 1 with 120 zeros after it. It's hard to get an answer that bad. So the mystery continues.

Another explanation for dark energy is that it is a new kind of dynamical energy fluid or field, something that fills all of space but something whose effect on the expansion of the Universe is the opposite of that of matter and normal energy. Some theorists have named this "quintessence," after the fifth element of the Greek philosophers. But, if quintessence is the answer, we still don't know what it is like, what it interacts with, or why it exists. So the mystery continues.

A last possibility is that Einstein's theory of gravity is not correct. That would not only affect the expansion of the Universe, but it would also affect the way that normal matter in galaxies and clusters of galaxies behaved. This fact would provide a way to decide if the solution to the dark energy problem is a new gravity theory or not: we could observe how galaxies come together in clusters. But if it does turn out that a new theory of gravity is needed, what kind of theory would it be? How could it correctly describe the motion of the bodies in the Solar System, as Einstein's theory is known to do, and still give us the different prediction for the Universe that we need? There are candidate theories, but none are compelling. So the mystery continues.

The thing that is needed to decide between dark energy possibilities - a property of space, a new dynamic fluid, or a new theory of gravity - is more data, better data.

By fitting a theoretical model of the composition of the Universe to the combined set of cosmological observations, scientists have come up with the composition that we described above, ~68% dark energy, ~27% dark matter, ~5% normal matter. What is dark matter?

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Dark Energy, Dark Matter - NASA Science

Moon @ 36X with Sony A7S & Astro-Physics 155mm Telescope in Real-Time – Video


Moon @ 36X with Sony A7S Astro-Physics 155mm Telescope in Real-Time
This razor sharp video shows the moon one day past full from a Los Angeles suburb. Magnification is 36X care of an Astro-Physics 155mm/f7 refractor telescope, and a Sony A7S camera set to...

By: jdb_astro

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Moon @ 36X with Sony A7S & Astro-Physics 155mm Telescope in Real-Time - Video

Long-Term Results of RTOG 9903 Indicate EPO Combined With RT Does Not Improve Local-Regional Control in Anemic …

SOURCE: American Society for Radiation Oncology

FAIRFAX, VA--(Marketwired - April 06, 2015) - Long-term analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9903 demonstrates that the addition of erythropoietin (EPO) did not improve local-regional control for anemic patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCa) who receive radiation therapy or chemoradiation, according to a study published in the April 1, 2015 issue of the International Journal of Radiation Oncology - Biology - Physics (Red Journal), the official scientific journal of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). This study is a long-term analysis of RTOG 9903, originally published in 2007[1], to determine if there were additional failures, second primaries and/or toxicities at a longer follow-up of eight years.

RTOG 9903, an open-label, Phase 3 randomized trial, examined if the addition of EPO, which stimulates the body's bone marrow to increase red blood cell production to prevent and to treat anemia, to radiation therapy would improve disease control in anemic patients with HNSCCa. The study accrued 148 patients from June 2000 to November 19, 2003, and fifty-four cancer centers participated in the trial. Eligible patients had HNSCCa of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx or larynx; had a Zubrod performance status of zero to two (the Zubrod score indicates a patient's health status from zero to four, with zero indicating a patient is "fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease activities without restriction" and four indicating a patient is "completely disabled, cannot carry on any self-care, totally confined to bed or chair"); and hemoglobin levels less than or equal to 13.5 g/dL for males and less than or equal to 12.5 g/dL for females. After enrollment in the study, four patients were considered ineligible, and three patients withdrew from the trial.

Of the 141 patients included in the study, 69 were randomized to receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy plus radiation, and 72 were randomized to receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy plus radiation with EPO. Patients randomized to receive EPO received the first dose seven to 10 days prior to beginning radiation therapy, and then received EPO in a weekly dose of 40,000 units throughout treatment, unless hemoglobin levels exceeded 16 g/dL for males or 14 g/dL for females. Patients whose hemoglobin levels did not increase 1 g/dL or more after four doses of EPO received a dose increase to 60,000 units.

During treatment, patients were evaluated weekly for toxicities and review of their complete blood count. Follow-up was conducted at two and four weeks after treatment was completed, then every three months for the first two years post-treatment, every six months for the next three years and annually thereafter. For this long-term analysis, the median follow-up for surviving patients was 7.95 years (range 1.66 to 10.08 years) and 3.33 years for all patients (range 0.03 to 10.08 years).

This new analysis of RTOG 9903 found that at five-year follow-up, the local-regional failure rate was 39.4 percent for patients who received radiation therapy or chemoradiation without EPO and 46.2 percent for patients who received EPO (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.27 on univariate analysis and 1.40 on multivariate analysis). The five-year local-regional progression-free survival rate was 37.6 percent for patients who did not receive EPO and 31.5 percent for patients who received EPO (HR 1.28 on univariate analysis and 1.39 on multivariate analysis). The five-year overall survival rate was 38.2 percent for patients who did not receive EPO and 36.9 percent for patients who received EPO (HR 1.13 on univariate analysis and 1.23 on multivariate analysis). The five-year distant metastases rate was 14.5 percent for patients who did not receive EPO and 15.6 percent for patients who received EPO (HR 1.03 on univariate analysis and 1.07 on multivariate analysis). The confidence interval for all measures was 95 percent. None of the differences were statistically significant; however, the HR in this long-term follow-up demonstrated improved outcomes for the patients who did not receive EPO.

"It is well-known that cancer patients with anemia (low hemoglobin) have lower cure rates than patients with normal hemoglobin levels. RTOG 9903 was aimed at improving the outcomes of anemic patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by restoring their hemoglobin levels to normal," said George Shenouda, MD, lead author of the study and an associate professor of oncology and otolaryngology at McGill University Health Centre in Montral. "The initial analysis of the results was unexpected and led to the study's early closure because of a possible detrimental effect of EPO. While EPO improved hemoglobin levels, the control rates were not similarly improved. This long-term analysis confirms that EPO is not the appropriate treatment option for our anemic HNSCCa cancer patients. It is important for us to be aware that EPO is a growth factor and as such, may stimulate the growth of cancer cells, resulting in decreased tumor control. Carefully designed clinical trials are required to address how to treat anemia in our cancer patients."

An accompanying editorial from Todd A. Aguilera, MD, PhD, and Amato J. Giaccia, PhD, also published in the April 1 issue of the Red Journal, examines the implications of the study and the need to address tumor hypoxia in future clinical trials.

For a copy of the study manuscript, contact ASTRO's Press Office at press@astro.org. For more information about the Red Journal, visit http://www.redjournal.org.

[1] Machtay M, Pajak T, Suntharalingam M, et al. Radiotherapy with or without erythropoietin for anemic patients with head and neck cancer: A randomized trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG 9903). Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69: 1008-1017.

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Long-Term Results of RTOG 9903 Indicate EPO Combined With RT Does Not Improve Local-Regional Control in Anemic ...

Long-Term Results of RTOG 9903 Indicate Erythropoietin Combined with Radiation Therapy Does Not Improve Local-Regional …

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Newswise Fairfax, Va., April 6, 2015Long-term analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9903 demonstrates that the addition of erythropoietin (EPO) did not improve local-regional control for anemic patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCa) who receive radiation therapy or chemoradiation, according to a study published in the April 1, 2015 issue of the International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics (Red Journal), the official scientific journal of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). This study is a long-term analysis of RTOG 9903, originally published in 2007[1], to determine if there were additional failures, second primaries and/or toxicities at a longer follow-up of eight years.

RTOG 9903, an open-label, Phase 3 randomized trial, examined if the addition of EPO, which stimulates the bodys bone marrow to increase red blood cell production to prevent and to treat anemia, to radiation therapy would improve disease control in anemic patients with HNSCCa. The study accrued 148 patients from June 2000 to November 19, 2003, and fifty-four cancer centers participated in the trial. Eligible patients had HNSCCa of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx or larynx; had a Zubrod performance status of zero to two (the Zubrod score indicates a patients health status from zero to four, with zero indicating a patient is fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease activities without restriction and four indicating a patient is completely disabled, cannot carry on any self-care, totally confined to bed or chair); and hemoglobin levels 13.5 g/dL for males and 12.5 g/dL for females. After enrollment in the study, four patients were considered ineligible, and three patients withdrew from the trial.

Of the 141 patients included in the study, 69 were randomized to receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy plus radiation, and 72 were randomized to receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy plus radiation with EPO. Patients randomized to receive EPO received the first dose seven to 10 days prior to beginning radiation therapy, and then received EPO in a weekly dose of 40,000 units throughout treatment, unless hemoglobin levels exceeded 16 g/dL for males or 14 g/dL for females. Patients whose hemoglobin levels did not increase 1 g/dL after four doses of EPO received a dose increase to 60,000 units.

During treatment, patients were evaluated weekly for toxicities and review of their complete blood count. Follow-up was conducted at two and four weeks after treatment was completed, then every three months for the first two years post-treatment, every six months for the next three years and annually thereafter. For this long-term analysis, the median follow-up for surviving patients was 7.95 years (range 1.66 to 10.08 years) and 3.33 years for all patients (range 0.03 to 10.08 years).

This new analysis of RTOG 9903 found that at five-year follow-up, the local-regional failure rate was 39.4 percent for patients who received radiation therapy or chemoradiation without EPO and 46.2 percent for patients who received EPO (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.27 on univariate analysis and 1.40 on multivariate analysis). The five-year local-regional progression-free survival rate was 37.6 percent for patients who did not receive EPO and 31.5 percent for patients who received EPO (HR 1.28 on univariate analysis and 1.39 on multivariate analysis). The five-year overall survival rate was 38.2 percent for patients who did not receive EPO and 36.9 percent for patients who received EPO (HR 1.13 on univariate analysis and 1.23 on multivariate analysis). The five-year distant metastases rate was 14.5 percent for patients who did not receive EPO and 15.6 percent for patients who received EPO (HR 1.03 on univariate analysis and 1.07 on multivariate analysis). The confidence interval for all measures was 95 percent. None of the differences were statistically significant; however, the HR in this long-term follow-up demonstrated improved outcomes for the patients who did not receive EPO.

It is well-known that cancer patients with anemia (low hemoglobin) have lower cure rates than patients with normal hemoglobin levels. RTOG 9903 was aimed at improving the outcomes of anemic patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by restoring their hemoglobin levels to normal, said George Shenouda, MD, lead author of the study and an associate professor of oncology and otolaryngology at McGill University Health Centre in Montral. The initial analysis of the results was unexpected and led to the studys early closure because of a possible detrimental effect of EPO. While EPO improved hemoglobin levels, the control rates were not similarly improved. This long-term analysis confirms that EPO is not the appropriate treatment option for our anemic HNSCCa cancer patients. It is important for us to be aware that EPO is a growth factor and as such, may stimulate the growth of cancer cells, resulting in decreased tumor control. Carefully designed clinical trials are required to address how to treat anemia in our cancer patients.

An accompanying editorial from Todd A. Aguilera, MD, PhD, and Amato J. Giaccia, PhD, also published in the April 1 issue of the Red Journal, examines the implications of the study and the need to address tumor hypoxia in future clinical trials.

For a copy of the study manuscript, contact ASTROs Press Office at press@astro.org. For more information about the Red Journal, visit http://www.redjournal.org.

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Long-Term Results of RTOG 9903 Indicate Erythropoietin Combined with Radiation Therapy Does Not Improve Local-Regional ...

Erythropoietin combined with radiation therapy does not improve local-regional control in anemic patients with head …

Fairfax, Va., April 6, 2015--Long-term analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9903 demonstrates that the addition of erythropoietin (EPO) did not improve local-regional control for anemic patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCa) who receive radiation therapy or chemoradiation, according to a study published in the April 1, 2015 issue of the International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics (Red Journal), the official scientific journal of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). This study is a long-term analysis of RTOG 9903, originally published in 2007[1], to determine if there were additional failures, second primaries and/or toxicities at a longer follow-up of eight years.

RTOG 9903, an open-label, Phase 3 randomized trial, examined if the addition of EPO, which stimulates the body's bone marrow to increase red blood cell production to prevent and to treat anemia, to radiation therapy would improve disease control in anemic patients with HNSCCa. The study accrued 148 patients from June 2000 to November 19, 2003, and fifty-four cancer centers participated in the trial. Eligible patients had HNSCCa of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx or larynx; had a Zubrod performance status of zero to two (the Zubrod score indicates a patient's health status from zero to four, with zero indicating a patient is "fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease activities without restriction" and four indicating a patient is "completely disabled, cannot carry on any self-care, totally confined to bed or chair"); and hemoglobin levels ?13.5 g/dL for males and ?12.5 g/dL for females. After enrollment in the study, four patients were considered ineligible, and three patients withdrew from the trial.

Of the 141 patients included in the study, 69 were randomized to receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy plus radiation, and 72 were randomized to receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy plus radiation with EPO. Patients randomized to receive EPO received the first dose seven to 10 days prior to beginning radiation therapy, and then received EPO in a weekly dose of 40,000 units throughout treatment, unless hemoglobin levels exceeded 16 g/dL for males or 14 g/dL for females. Patients whose hemoglobin levels did not increase ?1 g/dL after four doses of EPO received a dose increase to 60,000 units.

During treatment, patients were evaluated weekly for toxicities and review of their complete blood count. Follow-up was conducted at two and four weeks after treatment was completed, then every three months for the first two years post-treatment, every six months for the next three years and annually thereafter. For this long-term analysis, the median follow-up for surviving patients was 7.95 years (range 1.66 to 10.08 years) and 3.33 years for all patients (range 0.03 to 10.08 years).

This new analysis of RTOG 9903 found that at five-year follow-up, the local-regional failure rate was 39.4 percent for patients who received radiation therapy or chemoradiation without EPO and 46.2 percent for patients who received EPO (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.27 on univariate analysis and 1.40 on multivariate analysis). The five-year local-regional progression-free survival rate was 37.6 percent for patients who did not receive EPO and 31.5 percent for patients who received EPO (HR 1.28 on univariate analysis and 1.39 on multivariate analysis). The five-year overall survival rate was 38.2 percent for patients who did not receive EPO and 36.9 percent for patients who received EPO (HR 1.13 on univariate analysis and 1.23 on multivariate analysis). The five-year distant metastases rate was 14.5 percent for patients who did not receive EPO and 15.6 percent for patients who received EPO (HR 1.03 on univariate analysis and 1.07 on multivariate analysis). The confidence interval for all measures was 95 percent. None of the differences were statistically significant; however, the HR in this long-term follow-up demonstrated improved outcomes for the patients who did not receive EPO.

"It is well-known that cancer patients with anemia (low hemoglobin) have lower cure rates than patients with normal hemoglobin levels. RTOG 9903 was aimed at improving the outcomes of anemic patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by restoring their hemoglobin levels to normal," said George Shenouda, MD, lead author of the study and an associate professor of oncology and otolaryngology at McGill University Health Centre in Montreal. "The initial analysis of the results was unexpected and led to the study's early closure because of a possible detrimental effect of EPO. While EPO improved hemoglobin levels, the control rates were not similarly improved. This long-term analysis confirms that EPO is not the appropriate treatment option for our anemic HNSCCa cancer patients. It is important for us to be aware that EPO is a growth factor and as such, may stimulate the growth of cancer cells, resulting in decreased tumor control. Carefully designed clinical trials are required to address how to treat anemia in our cancer patients."

An accompanying editorial from Todd A. Aguilera, MD, PhD, and Amato J. Giaccia, PhD, also published in the April 1 issue of the Red Journal, examines the implications of the study and the need to address tumor hypoxia in future clinical trials.

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For a copy of the study manuscript, contact ASTRO's Press Office at press@astro.org. For more information about the Red Journal, visit http://www.redjournal.org.

[1] Machtay M, Pajak T, Suntharalingam M, et al. Radiotherapy with or without erythropoietin for anemic patients with head and neck cancer: A randomized trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG 9903). Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69: 1008-1017.

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Erythropoietin combined with radiation therapy does not improve local-regional control in anemic patients with head ...

Radio Astronomy in Africa: The Case of Ghana

Bernard Duah Asabere, Michael Gaylard, Cathy Horellou, Hartmut Winkler, Thomas Jarrett

(Submitted on 30 Mar 2015)

South Africa has played a leading role in radio astronomy in Africa with the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO). It continues to make strides with the current seven-dish MeerKAT precursor array (KAT-7), leading to the 64-dish MeerKAT and the giant Square Kilometer Array (SKA), which will be used for transformational radio astronomy research. Ghana, an African partner to the SKA, has been mentored by South Africa over the past six years and will soon emerge in the field of radio astronomy. The country will soon have a science-quality 32m dish converted from a redundant satellite communication antenna. Initially, it will be fitted with 5 GHz and 6.7 GHz receivers to be followed later by a 1.4 - 1.7 GHz receiver.

The telescope is being designed for use as a single dish observatory and for participation in the developing African Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network (AVN) and the European VLBI Network. Ghana is earmarked to host a remote station during a possible SKA Phase 2. The location of the country on 5 degree north of the Equator gives it the distinct advantage of viewing the entire plane of the Milky Way galaxy and nearly the whole sky. In this article, we present the case of Ghana in the radio astronomy scene and the science/technology that will soon be carried out by engineers and astronomers.

Comments:6 pages, 3 figures, Full Referred Journal Article accepted for publication in the South African Institute of Physics (SAIP 2014) Conference Proceedings

Subjects:Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)

Cite as:arXiv:1503.08850 [astro-ph.IM]

(or arXiv:1503.08850v1 [astro-ph.IM] for this version)

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Radio Astronomy in Africa: The Case of Ghana

Photodesorption of H2O, HDO, and D2O ice and its impact on fractionation

Carina Arasa (1,2), Jesper Koning (1), Geert-Jan Kroes (1), Catherine Walsh (2), Ewine F. van Dishoeck (2,3) ((1) Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, (2) Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, (3) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany)

(Submitted on 2 Mar 2015)

The HDO/H2O ratio in interstellar gas is often used to draw conclusions on the origin of water in star-forming regions and on Earth. In cold cores and in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks, gas-phase water comes from photodesorption of water ice. We present fitting formulae for implementation in astrochemical models using photodesorption efficiencies for all water ice isotopologues obtained using classical molecular dynamics simulations. We investigate if the gas-phase HDO/H2O ratio reflects that present in the ice or whether fractionation can occur during photodesorption. Probabilities for the top four monolayers are presented for photodesorption of X (X=H,D) atoms, OX radicals, and X2O and HDO molecules following photodissociation of H2O, D2O, and HDO in H2O amorphous ice at temperatures from 10-100 K. Isotope effects are found for all products: (1) H atom photodesorption probabilities from H2O ice are larger than those for D atom photodesorption from D2O ice by a factor of 1.1; the ratio of H and D photodesorbed upon HDO photodissociation is a factor of 2. This process will enrich the ice in deuterium atoms over time; (2) the OD/OH photodesorption ratio upon D2O and H2O photodissociation is on average a factor of 2, but the ratio upon HDO photodissociation is almost constant at unity for all temperatures; (3) D atoms are more effective in kicking out neighbouring water molecules than H atoms. However, the ratio of the photodesorbed HDO and H2O molecules is equal to the HDO/H2O ratio in the ice, therefore, there is no isotope fractionation upon HDO and H2O photodesorption. Nevertheless, the enrichment of the ice in D atoms due to photodesorption can over time lead to an enhanced HDO/H2O ratio in the ice, and, when photodesorbed, also in the gas. The extent to which the ortho/para ratio of H2O can be modified by the photodesorption process is also discussed. (Abridged)

Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Subjects: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA); Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)

Cite as: arXiv:1503.00394 [astro-ph.GA](or arXiv:1503.00394v1 [astro-ph.GA] for this version)

Submission history

From: Catherine Walsh

[v1] Mon, 2 Mar 2015 02:19:34 GMT (202kb,D)

http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.00394

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Photodesorption of H2O, HDO, and D2O ice and its impact on fractionation

Physicist seeks answers on supermassive black holes with the next-gen X-ray telescope

University of Waterloo Professor Brian McNamara along with two Canadian astronomers will be part of the science working group directing ASTRO-H, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA's) newest flagship x-ray astronomy observatory.

The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) announced yesterday that it has delivered its hardware contribution to the mission scheduled to launch in early 2016.

ASTRO-H marks the first time Canada is part of an x-ray astronomy mission. The science working group will design the observatory's science plan while also receiving privileged access to the proprietary data during the first year of operations. McNamara will specifically study the effects of black holes on emergent galaxies.

"This is a fantastic opportunity for Canada and Canadian astronomers," said McNamara a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, who also holds a University Research Chair in Astrophysics.

The telescope is designed to explore mysterious phenomena in unprecedented detail, such as black holes and their role in forming galaxies like our own Milky Way. It includes one of the most sensitive spectrometers aboard any orbiting x-ray observatory to date.

X-ray telescopes offer an advantage over visible and radio-wave telescopes in that they can detect high-energy phenomena such as the radiation emitted by super hot gases travelling in the vicinity of a black hole. The black hole's intense gravity causes these gases to reach velocities nearly the speed of light. When that happens, the gases emit radiation in the x-ray range.

"X-ray telescopes are the perfect black hole detectors," said McNamara.

McNamara will be looking specifically at the speeds these gases are travelling to understand the energy generated by some of the most massive black holes in existence, including the one at the centre of our galaxy.

The vast majority of mass that accelerates towards a black hole is expelled back into space. The power needed to do this is enormous and may govern how galaxies form. According to McNamara, this x-ray telescope will allow us to observe this energy emission directly.

"Black holes are the most efficient power generators in the Universe," said McNamara. "In fact, we think they [black holes] exist in the centres of all massive galaxies."

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Physicist seeks answers on supermassive black holes with the next-gen X-ray telescope

Street Performer and Astrophysicist | Billions Cobra | TEDxYouth@Toronto – Video


Street Performer and Astrophysicist | Billions Cobra | TEDxYouth@Toronto
Awash with flames, the Billions Cobra show features amazing acts of body contortion and precision whip cracking, but how did this become the calling of an astro physics major? One man #39;s story...

By: TEDx Talks

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Street Performer and Astrophysicist | Billions Cobra | TEDxYouth@Toronto - Video

Call for Applications for ASTRO's Annual Survivor Circle Grant

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Newswise Fairfax, Va., March 17, 2015The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) seeks to recognize two cancer support organizations based in Texas. The recipients of ASTROs 2015 Survivor Circle Grants will each receive a grant of $8,500. The 2015 grantees will be recognized in the Survivor Circle at the ASTRO Resource Center during ASTROs 57th Annual Scientific Meeting, the nations premier scientific meeting in radiation oncology, hosting more than 11,000 radiation oncology physicians and professionals, to be held October 18-21, 2015, at San Antonios Henry B. Gonzlez Convention Center.

Cancer support organizations are a vital resource to patients, families and caregivers from diagnosis through survivorship. ASTROs goal in providing these grants is to assist these groups in continuing to provide important resources and in creating new programs, said David C. Beyer, MD, FASTRO, president-elect of ASTRO. The Survivor Circle Grant will offer these organizations the opportunity to enhance the support they are able to give to cancer patients and their families.

Eligible organizations must be a cancer support organization based in Texas; must provide support to patients and/or families of patients with cancer; and may be local or national in scope. The application is online at http://www.rtanswers.org/SCgrant. Applications must be received by April 27, 2015.

Applications will be reviewed by members of the ASTRO Healthcare Access and Training Subcommittee and ASTROs Board of Directors. Selection will be made based on the percentage of the program that is geared toward radiation-related support, as well as a proven dedicated effort to reach all demographics of cancer patients in the city/state where the organization is located.

Past Survivor Circle Grant recipients have used the grant to fund: 1) local transportation and other support needs; 2) supplies for cancer support group meetings, such as brochures, videos and flyers; 3) welcome kits for new patients and/or families seeking assistance from the support organization; and 4) financial assistance for patients for items such as transportation to and/or from treatment and co-payments.

Since 2003, ASTRO has recognized cancer survivors in the city where its Annual Scientific Meeting is held. In addition to recognizing two cancer support organizations, each year ASTRO honors a local cancer survivor who is dedicated to volunteering in their community. The individual is recognized during the Awards Ceremony at ASTROs Annual Meeting.

Many patients depend on these support organizations, their staff and volunteers to help them navigate the health care system and access much-needed resources during their journey including diagnosis, treatment and survivorship, said Laura I. Thevenot, ASTRO CEO. These grants will recognize and strengthen two leading organizations dedication and efforts to supporting patients and their families.

Applications for the 2015 Survivor Circle Grants must be received by Monday, April 27, 2015. The application is available at http://www.rtanswers.org/SCgrant.

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Call for Applications for ASTRO's Annual Survivor Circle Grant

Solar eclipse 2015: Surrey and north-east Hampshire set for 84% darkness in peak period

More than 80% of the sun in Surrey and north-east Hampshire is expected to be obscured when Friday's (March 20) solar eclipse reaches its peak.

As people brace themselves for a rare chance to witness the natural phenomenon, details of the percentage of sunlight in different parts of the UK have been estimated.

The incredible event, the first viewable from the UK since 1999, will begin at around 7.40am as the moon begins to cover the sun.

The minimum period of sunlight will occur at around 9.30am, but the eclipse is set to last until just after 11am.

At 9.31am, the sunlight in Surrey and north-east Hampshire is predicted to be just 84%.

Predicting what will happen, astro-physics expert Mark Geiles, from the University of Surrey in Guildford, said: "Gradually it will get darker and darker with the minimum period of light at around 9.30am.

"The general effect will be like a very dark cloud covering the sun.

"If you really want to see what is actually happening, then you need to use special filtered glasses."

The full 100% total solar eclipse will only be possible to witness in Svalbard in northern Norway and the Faroe Islands.

However, if you want to travel to another part of the UK to experience more of the eclipse, then Scotland is the ideal location.

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Solar eclipse 2015: Surrey and north-east Hampshire set for 84% darkness in peak period