A.I. is one of a growing number of disciplines in which experts say China is making quick progress.

Yet it was a foreign feat of A.I. prowess that provided one of the greatest impetuses for the new plan.

The two professors who consulted with the government on A.I. both said that the 2016 defeat of Lee Se-dol, a South Korean master of the board game Go, by Googles AlphaGo had a profound impact on politicians in China. Then in May, Google brought AlphaGo to China, where it defeated the worlds top-ranked player, Ke Jie of China. Live video coverage of the event was blocked at the last minute in China.

As a sort of Sputnik moment for China, the professors said, the event paved the way for a new flow of funds into the discipline.

Chinas ambitions with A.I. range from the anodyne to the dystopian, according to the new plan. It calls for support for everything from agriculture and medicine to manufacturing.

Yet it also calls for the technology to work in concert with the countrys homeland security and surveillance efforts. China wants to integrate A.I. into guided missiles, use it to track people on closed-circuit cameras, censor the internet and even predict crimes.

Beijings interest in the technology has set off alarms within the United States defense establishment. The Defense Department found that Chinese money has been flowing into American A.I. companies some of the same ones it says are likely to help the United States military develop future weapons systems.

In a timeline laid out within the new policy, the government expects its companies and research facilities to be at the same level as leading countries like the United States by 2020. Five years later, it calls for breakthroughs in select disciplines within A.I. that will become a key impetus for economic transformation.

In the final stage, by 2030, China will become the worlds premier artificial intelligence innovation center, which in turn will foster a new national leadership and establish the key fundamentals for an economic great power.

While the language in Chinese industrial policy can sound stodgy and the targets overly ambitious, Beijing takes its economic planning seriously. Experts say that even if major spending efforts ultimately waste resources, they can also produce results, bolstering technology capabilities with a flood of resources.

Top-level statements like this also work as a signal to local governments and companies across the country.

The new plan formalizes a focus that was widely known in China. Following those cues, a large number of local governments have created special plans and built out research centers to focus on A.I.

Many are spending hundreds of millions of dollars, but some have earmarked even more. In June, the government of Tianjin, an eastern city near Beijing, said it planned to set up a $5 billion fund to support the A.I. industry. It also set up an intelligence industry zone that will sit on more than 20 square kilometers of land.

The initiative is also likely to sweep up private Chinese companies. The countrys internet search giant Baidu, which has run an A.I. research center out of Silicon Valley in recent years, announced this year that it would open a new lab in cooperation with the government. The two leaders of that lab have worked on Chinese government programs with military applications.

Follow Paul Mozur on Twitter @paulmozur.

Carolyn Zhang contributed research from Shanghai.

A version of this article appears in print on July 21, 2017, on Page B1 of the New York edition with the headline: China Sets Goal to Lead In Artificial Intelligence.

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Beijing Wants AI to Be Made in China by 2030 - New York Times