The firm in question is Australia-based PredictiveHire, founded in October 2013. It offers a chatbot that asks candidates a series of open-ended questions. It then analyzes their responses to assess job-related personality traits like drive, initiative, and resilience. According to the firms CEO, Barbara Hyman, its clients are employers that must manage large numbers of applications, such as those in retail, sales, call centers, and health care. As the Cornell study found, it also actively uses promises of fairer hiring in its marketing language. On its home page, it boldly advertises: Meet Phai. Your co-pilot in hiring. Making interviews SUPER FAST. INCLUSIVE, AT LAST. FINALLY, WITHOUT BIAS.
As weve written before, the idea of bias-free algorithms is highly misleading. But PredictiveHires latest research is troubling for a different reason. It is focused on building a new machine-learning model that seeks to predict a candidates likelihood of job hopping, the practice of changing jobs more frequently than an employer desires. The work follows the companys recent peer-reviewed research that looked at how open-ended interview questions correlate with personality (in and of itself a highly contested practice). Because organizational psychologists have already shown a link between personality and job hopping, Hyman says, the company wanted to test whether they could use their existing data for the prediction. Employee retention is a huge focus for many companies that we work with given the costs of high employee churn, estimated at 16% of the cost of each employees salary, she adds.
The study used the free-text responses from 45,899 candidates who had used PredictiveHires chatbot. Applicants had originally been asked five to seven open-ended questions and self-rating questions about their past experience and situational judgment. These included questions meant to tease out traits that studies have previously shown to correlate strongly with job-hopping tendencies, such as being more open to experience, less practical, and less down to earth. The company researchers claim the model was able to predict job hopping with statistical significance. PredictiveHires website is already advertising this work as a flight risk assessment that is coming soon.
PredictiveHires new work is a prime example of what Nathan Newman argues is one of the biggest adverse impacts of big data on labor. Newman, an adjunct associate professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, wrote in a 2017 law paper that beyond the concerns about employment discrimination, big-data analysis had also been used in myriad ways to drive down workers wages.
Machine-learning-based personality tests, for example, are increasingly being used in hiring to screen out potential employees who have a higher likelihood of agitating for increased wages or supporting unionization. Employers are increasingly monitoring employees emails, chats, and other data to assess which might leave and calculate the minimum pay increase needed to make them stay. And algorithmic management systems like Ubers are decentralizing workers away from offices and digital convening spaces that allow them to coordinate with one another and collectively demand better treatment and pay.
None of these examples should be surprising, Newman argued. They are simply a modern manifestation of what employers have historically done to suppress wages by targeting and breaking up union activities. The use of personality assessments in hiring, which dates back to the 1930s in the US, in fact began as a mechanism to weed out people most likely to become labor organizers. The tests became particularly popular in the 1960s and 70s once organizational psychologists had refined them to assess workers for their union sympathies.
In this context, PredictiveHires fight-risk assessment is just another example of this trend. Job hopping, or the threat of job hopping, points out Barocas, is one of the main ways that workers are able to increase their income. The company even built its assessment on personality screenings designed by organizational psychologists.
Barocas doesnt necessarily advocate tossing out the tools altogether. He believes the goal of making hiring work better for everyone is a noble one and could be achieved if regulators mandate greater transparency. Currently none of them have received rigorous, peer-reviewed evaluation, he says. But if firms were more forthcoming about their practices and submitted their tools for such validation, it could help hold them accountable. It could also help scholars engage more readily with firms to study the tools impacts on both labor and discrimination.
Despite all my own work for the past couple of years expressing concerns about this stuff, he says, I actually believe that a lot of these tools could significantly improve the current state of affairs.
Read more:
An AI hiring firm promising to be bias-free wants to predict job hopping - MIT Technology Review
- Classic reasoning systems like Loom and PowerLoom vs. more modern systems based on probalistic networks [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Using Amazon's cloud service for computationally expensive calculations [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Software environments for working on AI projects [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- New version of my NLP toolkit [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Semantic Web: through the back door with HTML and CSS [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Java FastTag part of speech tagger is now released under the LGPL [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Defining AI and Knowledge Engineering [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Great Overview of Knowledge Representation [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Something like Google page rank for semantic web URIs [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- My experiences writing AI software for vehicle control in games and virtual reality systems [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- The URL for this blog has changed [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- I have a new page on Knowledge Management [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- N-GRAM analysis using Ruby [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Good video: Knowledge Representation and the Semantic Web [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Using the PowerLoom reasoning system with JRuby [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Machines Like Us [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- RapidMiner machine learning, data mining, and visualization tool [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- texai.org [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- NLTK: The Natural Language Toolkit [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- My OpenCalais Ruby client library [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Ruby API for accessing Freebase/Metaweb structured data [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Protégé OWL Ontology Editor [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- New version of Numenta software is available [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Very nice: Elsevier IJCAI AI Journal articles now available for free as PDFs [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Verison 2.0 of OpenCyc is available [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- What’s Your Biggest Question about Artificial Intelligence? [Article] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Minimax Search [Knowledge] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Decision Tree [Knowledge] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- More AI Content & Format Preference Poll [Article] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- New Planners Solve Rescue Missions [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Neural Network Learns to Bluff at Poker [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Pushing the Limits of Game AI Technology [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Mining Data for the Netflix Prize [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Interview with Peter Denning on the Principles of Computing [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Decision Making for Medical Support [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Neural Network Creates Music CD [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- jKilavuz - a guide in the polygon soup [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Artificial General Intelligence: Now Is the Time [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Apply AI 2007 Roundtable Report [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- What Would You do With 80 Cores? [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Software Finds Learning Language Child's Play [News] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Artificial Intelligence in Games [Article] [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Artificial Intelligence Resources [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Alan Turing: Mathematical Biologist? [Last Updated On: April 25th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 25th, 2012]
- BBC Horizon: The Hunt for AI ( Artificial Intelligence ) - Video [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- Can computers have true artificial intelligence" Masonic handshake" 3rd-April-2012 - Video [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- Kevin B. Korb - Interview - Artificial Intelligence and the Singularity p3 - Video [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- Artificial Intelligence - 6 Month Anniversary - Video [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- Science Breakthroughs [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- Hitman: Blood Money - Part 49 - Stupid Artificial Intelligence! - Video [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- Research Members Turned Off By HAARP Artificial Intelligence - Video [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- Artificial Intelligence Lecture No. 5 - Video [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 2012 - Video [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- Charlie Rose - Artificial Intelligence - Video [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2012]
- Expert on artificial intelligence to speak at EPIIC Nights dinner [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2012]
- Filipino software engineers complete and best thousands on Stanford’s Artificial Intelligence Course [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2012]
- Vodafone xone™ Hackathon Challenges Developers and Entrepreneurs to Build a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence ... [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2012]
- Rocket Fuel Packages Up CPG Booster [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2012]
- 2 Filipinos finishes among top in Stanford’s Artificial Intelligence course [Last Updated On: May 5th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 5th, 2012]
- Why Your Brain Isn't A Computer [Last Updated On: May 5th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 5th, 2012]
- 2 Pinoy software engineers complete Stanford's AI course [Last Updated On: May 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 7th, 2012]
- Percipio Media, LLC Proudly Accepts Partnership With MIT's Prestigious Computer Science And Artificial Intelligence ... [Last Updated On: May 10th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 10th, 2012]
- Google Driverless Car Ok'd by Nevada [Last Updated On: May 10th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 10th, 2012]
- Moving Beyond the Marketing Funnel: Rocket Fuel and Forrester Research Announce Free Webinar [Last Updated On: May 10th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 10th, 2012]
- Rocket Fuel Wins 2012 San Francisco Business Times Tech & Innovation Award [Last Updated On: May 13th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 13th, 2012]
- Internet Week 2012: Rocket Fuel to Speak at OMMA RTB [Last Updated On: May 16th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 16th, 2012]
- How to Get the Most Out of Your Facebook Ads -- Rocket Fuel's VP of Products, Eshwar Belani, to Lead MarketingProfs ... [Last Updated On: May 16th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 16th, 2012]
- The Digital Disruptor To Banking Has Just Gone International [Last Updated On: May 16th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 16th, 2012]
- Moving Beyond the Marketing Funnel: Rocket Fuel Announce Free Webinar Featuring an Independent Research Firm [Last Updated On: May 23rd, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 23rd, 2012]
- MASA Showcases Latest Version of MASA SWORD for Homeland Security Markets [Last Updated On: May 23rd, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 23rd, 2012]
- Bluesky Launches Drones for Aerial Surveying [Last Updated On: May 23rd, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 23rd, 2012]
- Artificial Intelligence: What happened to the hunt for thinking machines? [Last Updated On: May 25th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 25th, 2012]
- Bubble Robots Move Using Lasers [VIDEO] [Last Updated On: May 25th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 25th, 2012]
- UHV assistant professors receive $10,000 summer research grants [Last Updated On: May 27th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 27th, 2012]
- Artificial intelligence: science fiction or simply science? [Last Updated On: May 28th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 28th, 2012]
- Exetel taps artificial intelligence [Last Updated On: May 29th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 29th, 2012]
- Software offers brain on the rain [Last Updated On: May 29th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 29th, 2012]
- New Dean of Science has high hopes for his faculty [Last Updated On: May 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 30th, 2012]
- Cognitive Code Announces "Silvia For Android" App [Last Updated On: May 31st, 2012] [Originally Added On: May 31st, 2012]
- A Rat is Smarter Than Google [Last Updated On: June 5th, 2012] [Originally Added On: June 5th, 2012]