On May 4, far right personalities Milo Yiannopoulos and Michelle Malkin published what they call their America First reading list as a Google Doc that they then promoted through their social media accounts. Yiannopoulos has recently gained attention for promoting conspiracy theories about both COVID-19 and the recent anti-police brutality protests across the United States. Malkin, who might be best known for writing a book arguing that Japanese internment during World War II was justified, has similarly promoted dangerous disinformation about COVID-19 and reduced Movement for Black Lives protesters to invaders [and] ransackers. None of this is out of character for a pair whose recommended reading list is rife with anti-Semitic conspiracy theories, paranoid invasion fantasies, and at least one prominent fascist philosopher who explicitly denied the notion that he should rely on empirical evidence.
It might be tempting to dismiss the list as another stunt by attention-hungry provocateurs or an attempt to give a racist and misogynist worldview an intellectual veneer. However, it is worth paying attention to what their literary choices reveal about their ideology, the narratives that underpin it, and the connection between those narratives and real-world violence.
The first thing their list attempts to do is establish just what constitutes American literature. This holds true despite the fact that many of the titles were not written by Americans at all: the lists creators are invested in defining the United States strictly as an outgrowth of pre-modern Europe, so it should come as no surprise that it includes older canonical texts by figures like Homer, Ovid, St. Augustine and Shakespeare in addition to Americana like Huckleberry Finn and Paul Reveres Ride. The publication dates for most of its more modern literature by U.S. authors peter out by the early 1960s (Ray Bradburys 1963 novel Something Wicked This Way Comes, for instance) with only a small handful of more recent novels, such as the self-published, remarkably poorly written 2019 accelerationist novel Harassment Architecture by Mike Ma.
Get the news you want, delivered to your inbox every day.
In a tab on the Google Doc marked HOW TO READ, Yiannopoulos and Malkin address their readers directly, writing, The purpose of this list is to help you build a library that will give you a firm basis in history, politics, religion and theology. That firm basis manages to exclude the entire wealth of Black and Indigenous perspectives. Their understanding of modern American literature leaves no room for a Toni Morrison or a Leslie Marmon Silko, and their classics certainly have no place for a Frederick Douglass or a W.E.B. DuBois. Instead, they opt for a virtual how-to manual for white resentment and violence.
Having established that what they understand as American literary culture is innately and almost exclusively derived from Europe, the next thing their list does is reassert the narratives of invasion, resistance and expansion that have fueled the far right imagination for decades. Possibly the lists clearest example of an invasion narrative is recently deceased French author Jean Raspails 1973 novel The Camp of the Saints, a book Yiannopoulos and Malkin indicate is a must read and that has been championed by far right figures from Steve Bannon to leaders of Europes identitarian movement. The Camp tells of a ramshackle armada of boats carrying an undifferentiated mass of impoverished Indian migrants who literally eat feces and invade Europe like zombies, displacing its white inhabitants in the process. It begins with an anecdote about a pedigreed university professor who murders a young hippie for supporting the migrants (in 1973, it was still possible for the far right to characterize academics as upholders of Western superiority, rather than its destroyers). In fact, throughout the novel, the real villains are less the migrants than the media, political and religious elites, as well as the hedonistic activists who advocate for the nameless, faceless, brown-skinned horde. In all, the novels plot amounts to an updated stab-in-the-back myth.
Many on the far right have described the book as prophetic since a new wave of migrants began arriving on Europes Mediterranean shores in 2015 and renewed attention has been focused on undocumented immigration at the southern border of the United States since Donald Trumps election campaign began that same year. Pat Buchanan, who recently used The Camp of the Saints as a metaphor for an article about Syrian migrants on the white nationalist website VDARE, has two titles on the reading list, one of which is another must read; VDARE founder and white nationalist Peter Brimelow has one title on the list as well.
In case all of that is still too subtle, invasion narratives also dovetail neatly with the great replacement theory that motivated, among other things, the mass shootings at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, in March 2019. Shooter Brenton Tarrant titled his manifesto The Great Replacement and wrote, We must crush immigration and deport those invaders already living on our soil.
Over the past year, Yiannopoulos and Malkin have been working closely with the groyper movement, which is essentially an alt-right (white nationalist) rebrand since the old label became too toxic following the deadly Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 2017. In fact, it is groyper-in-chief Nick Fuentess podcast that gave the movement and the reading list the America First slogan. (Fuentes, one of the very fine people who attended Unite the Right, borrowed the phrase from Donald Trumps inauguration speech.) Groypers are a constituency already moved by the overheated rhetoric of invasion and replacement, and so attacking or, as they would say, resisting the classes of people they regard as responsible for facilitating the invasion is a logical next step.
The reading list includes both Italian fascist intellectual Julius Evolas Revolt Against the Modern World and Unabomber Ted Kaczynskis manifesto Industrial Society and its Future, which Yiannopoulos and Malkin describe as a rejection of the modern world. Either one of these texts is toxic enough by itself, but in conjunction with one another, they amount to a further indication that the list provides both a theoretical rationale and a moral justification for violent attacks on such modern notions as democracy, egalitarianism, feminism and multiculturalism. Where Evola draws on a mythologized past of undiluted elitism and authoritarian, masculine heroism that, he argues, needs to be reclaimed (while explicitly rejecting any need for empirical evidence), Kaczynski, whose 17-year bombing campaign killed three people and injured 23 others, rails against a leftist psychology that he claims is symptomatic of a sick industrial society. Like many contemporary reactionaries, Kaczynski despises political correctness, which he says has its stronghold among university professors. Not coincidentally, it is university professors who were the most frequent targets of Kaczynskis mail bombs.
The list also included more overt resistance narratives. It initially featured The Turner Diaries by William Luther Pierce (it has since been removed with no explanation given). The Turner Diaries is a novel about a clandestine movement of white men who use racialized terrorism and nuclear warfare to take back the United States from Jewish usurpers and what Pierce portrays as the mindless, sex-crazed Black and Latino men who act as their enforcers. Pierce was the leader of the militant white supremacist organization National Alliance and his novel inspired neo-Nazi terror group The Order, which was responsible for murdering talk radio host Alan Berg in 1984. Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh evangelized the book, traveling to gun shows to sell it (and its sequel, Hunter) to like-minded people; his bombing attack on the Murrah Building closely resembled a similar act described in detail in Pierces text. Investigators found portions of it in his getaway car. Germanys National Socialist Underground (NSU), which murdered 10 people and injured others in a years-long terror campaign against a mostly Turkish immigrant population, also took inspiration from The Turner Diaries: NSU member Uwe Mundlos translated several chapters of the book into German and a digital copy was found on a hard drive in an apartment Mundlos and his two primary accomplices had rented while underground.
The list also supports narratives of expansion, a central theme of classical fascism. It includes multiple titles that seek to [set] the record straight about the Crusades, a historical reference point that is ubiquitous in online far right discourse and invokes images of violent confrontation between Western warriors and Muslim Saracens. Moreover, the reading list and the compilers commentary constantly refer to a theme of Christian superiority and its inseparability from Western identity. They describe one must read title as explaining why the noblest virtues all rest on Christian principles and another as articulating how the Christian Revolution forged the Western imagination. At the same time, Willa Cather, the lone female author on the list who isnt a post-civil rights-era right-wing polemicist, may well be a fine writer, but Yiannopoulos and Malkin summarize their interest in her books by emphasizing her focus on the resilient women who settled the Great Plains. By constantly emphasizing the heroism of the colonizer while completely excluding any voice of the colonized, they make it clear that a certain kind of invasion is, in fact, acceptable to them. In brief, the sum total of the outlook supported by these texts is a justification of all past (and, presumably, present and future) colonial efforts by virtuous Western Christians at the expense of whatever Other is at hand.
The list is also heavy on anti-Semitic literature (The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Kevin MacDonalds Culture of Critique, and yes, Hitlers Mein Kampf, although the latter has also been removed without explanation); masculinist or anti-feminist texts (Jack Donovans The Way of Men or several titles by Camille Paglia); and overt white nationalist screeds by the likes of Jared Taylor, Vox Day and Ann Coulter. Yiannopoulos and Malkins commentary is revealing here. They acknowledge that the Protocols are a hoax, but they say nothing about why they felt a fraudulent text produced in Tsarist Russia should be included anyway. They describe Culture of Critique as a highly controversial historical survey of the roots of anti-semitism [sic]. This is, at best, a grossly misleading summary. MacDonalds book is not so much an exploration of why other people have turned on Jews in the past, but rather why he believes Jews should be hated. His focus on what he believes is Jewish culpability, rather than other peoples attitudes toward Jews, is evident right in the books subtitle: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements. In fact, Culture is the final book of a trilogy and the subtitles of the other two, Judaism as a Group Evolutionary Strategy and Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Anti-Semitism only emphasize MacDonalds presumption that Jews are inherently, indeed genetically, predisposed to maintaining a subversive communal identity separate from whatever other populations they encounter. His analysis seldom rises above the level of condemning the clannish nature of international, cosmopolitan Jewry.
Yiannopoulos and Malkin have a history of brushing off claims of racism, misogyny and anti-Semitism by invoking their own genre of identity politics. Yiannopoulos could not possibly be anti-Semitic, because he is part Jewish; Malkin obviously cannot be misogynist because she is a woman. And neither of them could ever be racist because he claims he is married to a Black man (whose name he has never revealed and whose face has never been seen publicly) and she is Filipina and married to a Jewish man. Yiannopoulos, however, was banned from Twitter for leading a viciously racist and misogynist campaign against a Black actor and notoriously filmed singing America the Beautiful while his erstwhile friend Richard Spencer and others gave Nazi salutes. For her part, Malkin has openly supported anti-Semitic conspiracy theories and the white nationalist aspirations of the groyper movement.
One of the major tools of contemporary far right movements like the alt-right, Europes identitarians, and now the groypers is what they call metapolitics. It is a concept borrowed from mid-century Italian Communist Antonio Gramsci that was introduced to far right circles by Armin Mohler, a post-WWII German apologist for fascism, in a 1946 dissertation that codified what he called Germanys interwar Conservative Revolution. The concept gained popularity in the European far right through the work of Mohlers mentee Alain de Benoist and his notion of right-wing Gramscianism. De Benoist, the intellectual leader of Frances Nouvelle Droite (New Right), co-authored a Manifesto of the New Right for the Year 2000, which described metapolitics as, not another way of doing politics. It has nothing to do with a strategy that aims to impose an intellectual hegemony any more than it claims to disqualify other possible approaches or attitudes. It rests solely on the observation that ideas play a fundamental role in collective consciousnesses and, more broadly, in the entire history of men. In practice, far right metapolitics is a process of using cultural means to make far right ideas more palatable, or what many of its practitioners refer to as shifting the Overton window, which represents the outer limits of acceptable discourse.
The America First reading list clearly falls within the metapolitical sphere. It is nothing if not an overt attempt to instill a very narrowly defined conception of American culture in the minds of a young, overwhelmingly white and overwhelmingly male constituency that is already predisposed to racialized and gendered resentment. As we have seen from Christchurch to El Paso, Oslo to Pittsburgh, their cohort is already prone to explosive and deadly violence.
It is possible to dismiss the America First reading list as just another manifestation of the far right echo chamber and the urge for people like Yiannopoulos and Malkin to keep drawing attention to themselves. However, it also provides useful insights into the mindset of their groyper constituency and related far right sects, as well as the pathways that lead from their exclusionary ideology to violent action. Three years after Unite the Right and in the midst of both a pandemic and a rapidly evolving push for anti-racist social and political change, understanding the process by which the far right propagates narratives of invasion, resistance and expansion in the interest of establishing its own sense of legitimacy is still a necessary precondition for effective opposition to their objectives.
Original post:
Far Right Reading List Shows Link Between Its Literature and Real-World Violence - Truthout
- Neighborly discord in the Galwan Valley - Observer Research Foundation [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Why human beings are so irrational, and never learn podcasts of the week - The Guardian [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Canceling Joe Rogan Would be the Left's Worst Nightmare - Here's Why - CCN.com [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Down with symbols - The News International [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Neil Gorsuch Stuns the Nation, Does the Right Thing - The Nation [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- The Voice of America Will Sound Like Trump - The Atlantic [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- License to Analyze Media - The Dispatch [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- New Boss May Test Voice of Americas Credibility - The New York Times [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Destroying the Statues of Slavers to Rewrite History - Morocco World News [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- What to Cook Right Now - The New York Times [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- The Voice Of America Is Not The Voice Of Trump - The Pavlovic Today [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Philly residents call for Taney Street to be renamed - PhillyVoice.com [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Wizards Ends Their Relationship with Terese Nielsen - Hipsters of the Coast [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Magic: The Gathering Ends Relationship With Controversial Artist - We Got This Covered [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- How game theory not chaos rules the Trump White House - Los Angeles Times [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- What we know about the 'Boogaloo Bois,' the far-right group tied to killings in Santa Cruz and Oakland - San Francisco Chronicle [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Four Years Embedded With the Alt-Right - The Atlantic [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Influence of COVID-19 Crisis on Global Right-Wing Agenda - Valdai Discussion Club [Last Updated On: June 22nd, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2020]
- Mendocino County Board of Supervisors Approves Issuance of Fines for Refusing to Wear Facial Coverings - Redheaded Blackbelt [Last Updated On: July 10th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 10th, 2020]
- America Is in the Grips of a Fundamentalist Revival - The Dispatch [Last Updated On: July 10th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 10th, 2020]
- New Zealand police warned of another mosque threat before Christchurch shooting massacre - Reuters [Last Updated On: July 10th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 10th, 2020]
- The saffron swastika - The Express Tribune [Last Updated On: July 10th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 10th, 2020]
- Banned by PayPal and YouTube, this alt-right comedian is back on PayPal and YouTube (updated) - The Daily Dot [Last Updated On: July 10th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 10th, 2020]
- Why White House Catholics are concerned about Trumps Catholic tweets - Catholic News Agency [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- GAA's tiresome culture war insults and ignores players - RTE.ie [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- Review: Rabbit Hole hops into the Internets greatest failures and successes - The Charlatan [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- Colleges are flimflamming college students and parents about reopening in the fall (opinion) - Inside Higher Ed [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- New Conservatives defend Western culture as 'greatest in the world', warn NZ 'sliding toward socialism' - Newshub [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- Fire Island Partier Who Flouted COVID Rules Says He's Not Sorry, Reveals Himself to Be QAnon Follower: WATCH - Towleroad [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- 'Draining the swamp' and other metaphors - Idaho State Journal [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- Fire Island partier who flouted coronavirus rules refuses to apologise: 'I'm not going to fall for the lab-made virus' - PinkNews [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- Slate Star Codex and Silicon Valleys War Against the Media - The New Yorker [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- Alt-Weeklies Face Total Annihilation. But Theyre Thriving in the Chaos. - The Ringer [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- Dana Canedy, the New Head of Simon & Schuster, on Facts, Diversity, and the Future of Publishing - The New Yorker [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- The fallacy of white privilege and how it's corroding society - New York Post [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- Facing America's History of Racism Requires Facing the Origins of 'Race' as a Concept - TIME [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- Stone Shares Meme With Roots In Alt-Right To Attack Judge - TPM [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2020]
- When it comes to modern slavery, many of us turn a blind eye - iNews [Last Updated On: July 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2020]
- How to add alt text to images on Twitter so that they can be read with screen readers - Business Insider - Business Insider [Last Updated On: July 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2020]
- A decade of emoji: How aubergines and crying faces connected us all online - The Independent [Last Updated On: July 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2020]
- A Dreyfusard from the Right - Twilight of Democracy - Visegrad Insight [Last Updated On: July 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2020]
- The Man in the Antifa Mask: Who he is and why he regrets showing up at a Coeur d'Alene protest with a crowbar - Pacific Northwest Inlander [Last Updated On: July 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2020]
- Best of Philly: Heres to the People Who Protested - Philadelphia magazine [Last Updated On: July 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2020]
- Lincoln the Emancipator: The Civil War & the Continuous Battle against Northern Negrophobia (Part 1 of a two-part series) - Milwaukee Courier... [Last Updated On: July 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2020]
- The Fascist Messaging of the Trump Campaign Eagle - Hyperallergic [Last Updated On: July 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2020]
- AOC on League of Legends: Right-wing Twitter is childs play compared to inting 13-year-olds - VG247 [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- MSNBC's Joy Reid Makes Cable Network History With the Debut of "The ReidOut" - Vogue [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- NY: Hundreds of free Uber e-bikes coming to WNY for proposed 'transportation libraries' - MassTransitMag.com [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- What is alt text on Instagram? How to add alt text - Business Insider - Business Insider [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- What is the deal with 'woke' culture and writing letters? - The National [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- The Return of the Cooch - Bacon's Rebellion [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- Anti-Greta and the challenges faced by young activists | Forge - ForgeToday [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- Anti-maskers bring their misinformation to Halifax - Halifax Examiner [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- MSNBCs Joy Reid Makes Cable-Network History With the Debut of The ReidOut - Vogue [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- Is This Roger Stone and Proud Boys Flashing a White Power Symbol? - Snopes.com [Last Updated On: July 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2020]
- Trump's pick to head Office of Personnel Management spread 'satanic' conspiracy theory, called Democrats party of 'Islam' and 'gender-bending' -... [Last Updated On: July 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 24th, 2020]
- Joe Rogan Is Spreading Transphobic Hate Speech and It's Putting Lives in Danger - Men's Health [Last Updated On: July 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 25th, 2020]
- 'Pure Invention': How Japan's pop culture became the 'lingua franca' of the internet - The Japan Times [Last Updated On: July 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 25th, 2020]
- Redefine Meat wants to disrupt meat industry with 3D printed Alt-Steak - Food Dive [Last Updated On: July 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 25th, 2020]
- How it feels to survive Silicon Valley and a pandemic - Engadget [Last Updated On: July 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 25th, 2020]
- New Mexico's thin blurred line (The thin blurred line) High Country News Know the West - High Country News [Last Updated On: July 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 25th, 2020]
- Artist Canyon Castator Is Making The Apocalypse Palatable - Interview [Last Updated On: July 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 25th, 2020]
- Does Tucker Carlson hate America? - The Independent [Last Updated On: July 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 25th, 2020]
- How to add alt text in Excel to make images accessible - Business Insider - Business Insider [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- Why Portland Became the Test Case for Trumps Secret Police - The Nation [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- What IS your point? - The Bear Insider [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- What is alt text in WordPress? How to add image descriptions on your web page to improve accessibility and web - Business Insider India [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- Herman Mashaba: Why he might draw the crowds at election time Chuck Stephens - BizNews [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- How Brooks Brothers Became a Symbol of What Not to Wear to the Revolution - TownandCountrymag.com [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- Hillsdale Must Join the National Reckoning on Race - The Bulwark [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- What is alt text in WordPress? How to add the accessibility feature - Business Insider - Business Insider [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- Pittsburgh-based Steelers reporter quits PennLive in protest of site calling a Nazi rally "peaceful" - PGH City Paper [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- 'You Do the Right Things, and Still You Get It' - The New York Times [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- Who wants to cancel cancel culture? The voiceless or the privileged? - Coconuts [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- Amazon compared to heroin dealer as Bezos, Zuckerberg, Cook and Google CEO accused of squeezing out com - The Sun [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- Courtney Love hopes Jeffrey Epstein burns in hell after her name appeared in his address book - The Independent [Last Updated On: July 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2020]
- Elon Musk has finally confirmed whether his take the red pill tweet was a Trump endorsement - indy100 [Last Updated On: August 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: August 1st, 2020]
- The Lakers Hold On to Beat the Clippers in Thriller - The New York Times [Last Updated On: August 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: August 1st, 2020]
- The Fight review: A jubilant look at changing the world for the better - Evening Standard [Last Updated On: August 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: August 1st, 2020]
- Mike Foltynewicz clears waivers, sent to Braves alternate site - Sports and Weather Right Now [Last Updated On: August 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: August 1st, 2020]