La psoriasis (AFI:[soja.sis], del griego , picor) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crnica de la piel que produce lesiones escamosas engrosadas e inflamadas, con una amplia variabilidad clnica y evolutiva. No es contagiosa, aunque s puede ser hereditaria, es ms probable que la hereden los hombres que las mujeres.
Puede afectar a cualquier parte de la piel, frecuentemente a las zonas de codos, rodillas, cuero cabelludo, abdomen y espalda. No es raro que produzca afectacin de las uas.Esto se conoce como psoriasis ungueal. Las uas pueden ser la nica zona afectada al principio de la psoriasis. En ocasiones produce complicaciones como la artritis psorisica.
La clasificacin ms utilizada se organiza segn los sntomas, los tipos de lesiones cutneas y la gravedad general del cuadro. Es la clasificacin ms til para la eleccin de su tratamiento y para el conocimiento del pronstico de la enfermedad en cada paciente. La clasificacin est detallada en el apartado de manifestaciones clnicas. En la antigedad era falsamente diagnosticada como lepra, debido a la similitud de sintomatologa.
Se estima que entre un 1 y un 3% de la poblacin sufre de psoriasis.[1][2] Si bien puede aparecer a cualquier edad, suele hacerlo entre los 15 y los 35 aos, con un pico mximo de incidencia en la segunda dcada. Afecta por igual a ambos sexos, aunque es ms precoz en mujeres y en personas con antecedentes familiares. Por otro lado, no existe relacin entre psoriasis y cncer de piel (no maligniza).
La causa de la psoriasis es una velocidad anormalmente alta de mitosis en las clulas epidrmicas que se puede relacionar con una sustancia transportada en la sangre, un defecto en el sistema inmune.
Se cree que no tiene una causa nica, sino multifactorial, en individuos con predisposicin gentica a padecerla y que puede ser desencadenada o exacerbada por diversos factores ambientales.
La herencia de esta enfermedad es posiblemente polignica. Se ha demostrado una importante agregacin familiar,[3] el aumento de concordancia en gemelos monocigotos y la asociacin a determinados HLA.
En este sentido, se asocia la predisposicin a psoriasis con los antgenos HLA-CW6, y HLA-DR7. Adems, existe correlacin entre el tipo clnico de psoriasis y otros antgenos HLA. Por ejemplo, el HLA-B17 se asocia a un inicio ms precoz y un curso ms grave, y el HLA-B27 est relacionado con la forma pustulosa generalizada.
Entre otros, cabe destacar:
Aunque est poco esclarecida, hay dos hechos bsicos: la hiperplasia epidrmica por un aumento de la poblacin germinativa, y el infiltrado inflamatorio de la dermis. La inflamacin viene mediada por el Linfocito T CD4+ que libera (junto al queratinocito) citocinas proliferativas, que estimulan la proliferacin de las clulas epidrmicas. La respuesta inflamatoria es de tipo celular, frente a un autoantgeno an desconocido, o frente a un superantgeno estreptoccico en el caso de la psoriasis en gotas postinfecciosa.
Link:
Psoriasis - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
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