London, UK - Fertility regulators in the UK have paved the way for the introduction of a radical form of gene therapy in which babies are created using cellular material from three people.

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) advised the government recently that there is no evidence "mitochondrial replacement" - an advanced form of in-vitro fertilisation - is unsafe, and ministers will now decide whether to proceed with the technique.

Critics say the move is the first step on a slippery slope towards the creation of "designer babies" built to order that heralds a new era of "consumer eugenics" - with potentially disastrous implications for humankind.

"There has been a consensus for some time in about 50 or 60 countries that we should not manipulate the human 'germline' - that is, the cells that give rise to a new individual," saidDr David King, director of the group Human Genetics Alert.

"This is the first time that there has been official approval for crossing that line and, once you cross the Rubicon, it becomes difficult not to move to the next stage - full-fledged enhancement, genetic engineering."

Mitochondria are cigar-shaped components of body cells that provide them with energy. If they are defective, it can starve the body of energy, leading to muscle weakness, blindness, deafness, epilepsy, heart failure, early dementia and even death.

Some form of mitochondrial disease affects about one in 200 children born each year - or a few dozen babies in Britain.

The proposed therapy targets women who harbour harmful mitochondrial DNA mutations, but who want to have their own genetic offspring instead of relying on a donated egg.

The treatment would take a donated egg cell then remove its nucleus and chromosomes containing the genetic information, but retain its healthy mitochondria. The nucleus from the egg of an affected mother would be inserted into it - either before or after fertilisation - and the fertilised egg would then be implanted in the mother's womb.

A baby born as a result should be free of the mother's mitochondrial defects - and that child's own eventual offspring should also be free of these, changing the genetic line for ever.

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New gene therapy births 'designer baby' fears