UPDATED with more quotes: The promises and threats that new technologies pose for workers in the entertainment industry were explored today at the third annual Labor Innovation & Technology Summit, hosted by SAG-AFTRA and the AFL-CIO.

You can follow the daylong event above.

Within the entertainment industry, the technology-versus-humanity tension is right in your face, SAG-AFTRA president Gabrielle Carteris said in her opening remarks. I dont know where I would be without Netflix, Hulu and other streaming services. Yet, the sudden and extreme pivot to streaming during the pandemic poses an existential threat to a performers ability to make a living.

The large media corporations, she said, are exploiting technology to either change, or blatantly ignore, the fundamental pillars that have been built over decades of collective bargaining to ensure that workers shared in the financial bounty that they create.

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The role of unions, Carteris said, is not to fight technology but to be part of the conversation at the onset so that we can help lead and shape the future of our work. As technology evolves, we have to make sure that humans are treated fairly, and that they can make a decent living and can do their jobs with both dignity and respect.

SAG-AFTRA national executive director David White said that changes in the way entertainment content is being distributed on streaming platforms such as Netflix, Disney Plus, Amazon Prime, Peacock, Apple Plus, Paramount TV and all the others, threatens to undermine the wage structures and residuals formulas that thousands of actors and performers have depended on for decades.

Making a case for what could be a very tough round of bargaining when the unions current film and TV contract expires in 2023, he said that the ever-increasing changes in new delivery systems threaten to hollow out the unions middle-class unless the union does something about it. The contract the union reached last year with managements AMPTP included significant gains in residuals for original shows made for high-budget streaming platforms, but White indicated that more sweeping contractual change will be needed to protect working actors and their residuals.

Said White today:

On the consumer entertainment side, the storytelling were we get our stories has changed. For our industry and our workers, it has meant a swiftly changing work environment. The pace and demands of work have increased; budgets for productions have gotten smaller. People are asked to go in to work earlier and stay longer. Our stunt performers are asked to do bigger, faster, stronger stunts in more compressed time periods. It means that people are doing more when they work. And it also means that compensation is changing, and in many ways, without the countervailing forces of the union, people are being paid less.

We experience in this industry what people experience elsewhere, which is that the bargaining leverage that people have for their wages is getting less and less. And this begins to hollow out the middle class. And this is happening with our members as well, and will continue to happen if we are not careful.

We have a unique payment structure in this industry something called residuals, which are payments people receive whenever their work is exploited. In the past, there was a window-structure, which meant that a movie would come out (in theaters) and then move to DVD and then to pay-television, like HBO, or basic able or primetime TV. Every time that happened, people received a little bit of payment, and that is how people have made a living.

But now, when you watch Netflix, all of the shows sit up on their platform, and that is where they sit. Increasingly, windows are going away. That means the original bargain that people had for compensation is potentially going away, and it will make it harder for people to make a living. That becomes our role, and we have put in place structures to ensure that while that product sits up there on a platform, people continue to be paid. But without countervailing structures, people would not.

Jeffrey Cole, director of the Center for the Digital Future at USCs Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, told White that he is more concerned about the return of behind-the-scenes jobs during the pandemic and after its over.

I am more concerned, actually, about the immediate effects of people behind the camera being hollowed out, he said. We learned, for example, within the first days of the pandemic, the late-night shows Stephen Colbert, Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel they went into their homes; it looked like public access television the first two weeks, and then they found their groove. They got their orchestras together, their writers, and all of a sudden, they were able to produce really quality-looking shows with crews of 20 people.

I worry about whether those other 180 [crew members] who put it together before the pandemic will ever have long-term jobs, and I think that is where the hollowing out could be, he added.

Cole also told White: You still need your members. Nothing replaces that. The question is what they are going to be paid. Well see; there may be some adjustments I hope not. But I dont think its going to be a calamity for SAG-AFTRA members. It could be a calamity for below-the-line people.

Carteris and White also discussed the serious threats to actors and all public figures posed by deepfake technologies, face-swapping computer systems that have been used to digitally superimpose the faces of its members onto the bodies of porn stars.

If youre tempted to write this off as a problem with limited reach, Carteris said, consider the potential implications of a technology that can take, store and manipulate an actors data, or a politicians, for that matter. For actors, that means putting their image, movements and personality into scenes they had nothing to do with, and then making that data a reusable commodity even without an actors consent.

But, deepfakes are not only a challenge to performers, they are a real threat to our democracy. As we look at the current political terrain, its not hard to see how the manipulation of information and the falsification of truth can ignite hate and division, endanger lives, and tear apart communities and even split families. Lawmakers across the country are slowly coming to see the seriousness of this issue, and to be fair, some have been quicker to take action than others. So the work were doing as a union is vitally, vitally important.

During a Q&A with Carteris, Tristan Harris, the free-thinking co-founder and president of the Center for Humane Technology who was featuredprominently in the Netflix documentary The Social Dilemma observed that platforms like Facebook and Google thrive on business models whose algorithms are designed to fracture any sense of a shared reality by reinforcing viewers preconceived notions and prejudices. While extolling the virtues of justice equity and climate change equity, he said that reality equity is just as important.

Were all seeing different realities, he said. Facebooks business model is selling your attention to advertisers. And whats the best way to get your attention? Is it by giving everyone a shared reality, or by giving you your own Truman Show, where every time you flick your finger, it gives you affirmation, not information?

Three billion people use Facebook, he added, but instead of seeing a shared understanding of reality, we are each put in a narrower, crazier view of reality. You have people actually being shown conspiracy theories that would be perfect for their minds.

Discussing the future of work, Liz Shuler, secretary-treasurer of the AFL-CIO, told Carteris that we are in the midst of a fourth Industrial Revolution and that each revolution is shaped by at least three things: technological breakthroughs, innovation in how technology is used, and most importantly, workers.

She added:And the labor movement, as we know it today the power of collective bargaining was borne as an innovation response to industrial change. And we have been innovative ever since. So from steam mills and coal mines, to automobile factories, modern cockpits and offices, the labor movement has always been the vehicle for turning technological advances into better living standards and better wages.

But now, this fourth Industrial Revolution is speeding toward us and breakthroughs are happening faster and faster than ever, changing life and work in every sector. Shuler said. And all of this has been accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. And its raising big questions about the future of work. And the labor movement really is the only force, or institution at scale in the country, with enough power to put workers at the center of these issues.

We need to keep organizing, she added, and we need to learn how to organize with and around tech, knowing that partnerships that center working peoples experiences in the innovation process lead to better outcomes: equity, safety and higher-wage jobs.

Other union speakers today include Amanda Ballantyne, director of the AFL-CIO Technology Institute, and Rebecca Damon, SAG-AFTRA executive vice president and president of the unions New York Local and chair of the National Innovation & New Technology Committee.

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SAG-AFTRA Leaders Explore Promises & Threats Of New Technologies And Their Impact On Residuals Labor Innovation & Technology Summit -...