In Brief A team of researchers has developed artificial synapses that are capable of learning autonomously and can improve how fast artificial neural networks learn. Mimicking the Brain

Developments and advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have been due in large part to technologies that mimic how the human brain works. In the world of information technology, such AI systems are called neural networks. These contain algorithms thatcan be trained, among other things, to imitate how the brain recognizes speech and images. However, running an Artificial Neural Networkconsumes a lot of time and energy.

Now, researchers from the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)inThales, the University of Bordeaux in Paris-Sud, and Evry have developed an artificial synapse called a memristordirectly on a chip. It paves the way for intelligent systems that requiredless time and energy to learn, and it can learn autonomously.

In the human brain, synapses work as connections between neurons. The connections are reinforced and learning is improved the more these synapses are are stimulated. The memristor works in a similar fashion. Its made up of a thin ferroelectric layer(which can be spontaneously polarized) that is enclosed between two electrodes. Using voltage pulses, their resistance can be adjusted, like biologicalneurons. The synaptic connection will be strong when resistance is low, and vice-versa. The memristors capacity for learning is based on this adjustable resistance.

AI systems have developed considerably in the past couple of years. Neural networks built with learning algorithms are now capable of performing tasks which synthetic systems previously could not do. For instance, intelligent systems can now compose music, play games and beat human players, or do your taxes. Some can even identify suicidal behavior, or differentiate between what is lawful and what isnt.

This is all thanks to AIs capacity to learn, the only limitation of which is the amount of time and effort it takes to consume the data that serve as its springboard. With the memristor, this learning process can be greatly improved. Work continues on the memristor, particularly on exploring ways to optimize itsfunction. For starters, the researchers have successfully built a physical model to help predict how it functions. Their work is published in the journal Nature Communications.

Soon, we may have AI systems that can learn as well as out brains can or even better.

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We Just Created an Artificial Synapse That Can Learn Autonomously - Futurism