From nooses to swastikas and repulsive chants, college campuses in the United States have had no shortage of racial tensions. But where is the line drawn between racism and free speech?

In an interview with The Daily Pennsylvanian, President Amy Gutmann, who is trained in political philosophy and political science, discussed the balance between fighting racism while protecting free speech. Gutmann has written extensively about deliberative democracies and has been a vocal supporter of having all beliefs even the most unpopular ones openly expressed.

Even for an expert like Gutmann, its a tricky issue.

There is no simple way of drawing a line. Its not that you can draw a line and something is on one side or the other, and thats all you have to do. Gutmann told the DP. I begin with the time-tested belief that free speech is the lifeblood of a thriving democratic society, and it is also the lifeblood of universities and institutions of higher education like Penn.

We can only succeed in addressing complex and controversial issues if we commit ourselves as a community to respecting diverse perspectives or beliefs of others, she added.

Gutmann believes that freedom of speech is most vulnerable when it involves unpopular speech.

The challenge of free speech is when there is speech you really dont like and we have to live up to that challenge, Gutmann said. We have to stand by free speech when its offensive speech, as well as when its speech we like.

Gutmann conceded, though, that there are limitations to free speech that must be considered, including threatening others or falsely shouting fire in a crowded theater. She added that the context in which the statements are taken must be examined carefully.

Regardless of whether certain speech is protected by the first amendment, Gutmann says that everyone has a responsibility to respond to speech they do not like.

The right to free speech is often defended without the understanding that it comes along with the responsibility, when we can and as long as were protected, to speak our minds in response to offensive, sometimes disgusting and demeaning speech, she said.

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In wake of OU scandal, Gutmann addresses free speech