Syed Abdullah Alkaff, 1 Krishna Radhakrishnan, 1 Anu Maashaa Nedumaran, 1 Ping Liao, 2 Bertrand Czarny 1, 3

1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore; 2Calcium Signalling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute 308433, Singapore; 3Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore

Correspondence: Bertrand CzarnySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, #02-17 639798, SingaporeTel +65 67904613Email bczarny@ntu.edu.sg

Abstract: The technology of drug delivery systems (DDS) has expanded into many applications, such as for treating neurological disorders. Nanoparticle DDS offer a unique strategy for targeted transport and improved outcomes of therapeutics. Stroke is likely to benefit from the emergence of this technology though clinical breakthroughs are yet to manifest. This review explores the recent advances in this field and provides insight on the trends, prospects and challenges of translating this technology to clinical application. Carriers of diverse material compositions are presented, with special focus on the surface properties and emphasis on the similarities and inconsistencies among in vivo experimental paradigms. Research attention is scattered among various nanoparticle DDS and various routes of drug administration, which expresses the lack of consistency among studies. Analysis of current literature reveals lipid- and polymer-based DDS as forerunners of DDS for stroke; however, cell membrane-derived vesicles (CMVs) possess the competitive edge due to their innate biocompatibility and superior efficacy. Conversely, inorganic and carbon-based DDS offer different functionalities as well as varied capacity for loading but suffer mainly from poor safety and general lack of investigation in this area. This review supports the existing literature by systematizing presently available data and accounting for the differences in drugs of choice, carrier types, animal models, intervention strategies and outcome parameters.

Keywords: nanoparticle, drug delivery system, stroke, animal model, nano medicine, therapeutics

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Nanocarriers for Stroke Therapy: Advances and Obstacles in Translating | IJN - Dove Medical Press